The school won the award of Outstanding School Improvement Team at the live-streamed ceremony.
The awards recognise inspirational teachers, principals and education support staff who improve schools and support children and young people.
Cobram Primary School principal Matt Knight said it was a really proud moment for the school.
“We've got so many people within our school and school community who have put so much effort in over such a long period of time; for them to get a pat on the back such as this is fantastic,” he said.
He said the award recognised the school's collaborative and consistent approach to teaching and learning.
Cobram Primary School will be given up to $25,000.
“We've got some ideas in regards to some of the projects we want to get off the ground, it will be around continuing to evolve and help other schools’ journeys towards excellence as well,” Mr Knight said.
“It doesn't matter where you are, how big or how small your school is — if you collaborate you can achieve excellence.”
The award went to the School’s Improvement Team of Mr Knight, Claye Runnalls, Narelle Pell, Cassie-Jane Ryan and Marika Newey.
Ms Newey, Cobram Primary School's mathematics teacher, was also a finalist in the Outstanding Primary teacher Award for establishing a school-wide evidenced-based approach for effective mathematics teaching.
Five individual awards, six team awards and three specialist awards were presented, with winners chosen from a shortlist of 41 finalists.
Member for Northern Victoria Mark Gepp congratulated Cobram Primary School on the achievement.
“Cobram Primary School is leading the way when it comes to improving education outcomes for Cobram students and is thoroughly deserving of this prestigious honour,” he said.