They include value-added taxes, fuelling speculation Australia's Goods and Services Tax could put it in the firing line but Mr Chalmers says the federal government hasn't been advised about any extra tariffs.
"We've been engaging every level, the prime minister to the president, a number of senior ministers have been engaging with our counterparts in the US, making the case for Australia, for Australian industry and Australian workers," he told ABC radio on Thursday.
"But we take no outcome for granted that I suspect the decision on Australian exemptions has not been made and so we'll continue to make our case."
Australia is set to be hit with a 25 per cent tariff on steel and aluminium as officials work to secure an exemption, which Mr Trump said he would consider weeks ago.
The US runs a trade surplus with Australia - with Mr Trump citing trade deficits as a reason for tariffs - and imports into Australia weren't taxed, Dr Chalmers said.
"We're taking the opportunity to point out to our American counterparts and friends that this is an economic relationship of mutual benefit full of opportunity," the treasurer said.
"We make a big contribution in areas like critical minerals, we pay our own way in defence, all of these things are really important parts of the case that we make to the Americans as they work through these policy announcements."
Defence spending has also been a key issue for the Trump administration as it pushes Europe and other allies to spend more.
Trump's pick for defence policy under-secretary Elbridge Colby called for Australia to increase defence spending to three per cent of GDP, with it currently just about two per cent and set to rise to a tick over 2.3 per cent by the end of the decade.
It's set to eclipse 2.2 per cent by the 2028/29 financial year.
"My response would be to point out Australia is already very substantially increasing its defence spending, something like an extra $50 billion to 2033-34 in an otherwise tight budget," Dr Chalmers said.
"That's because we recognise our responsibilities here so here we are investing a heap more in defence and that's important."
Defence Minister Richard Marles said he pointed to Australia making "a historic increase in our defence spending" when he spoke with his US counterpart Pete Hegseth.
The opposition has called for more to be spent, with finance spokeswoman Jane Hume flagging a potential rise to three per cent.
"We expect we will meet our international obligations and if taking defence spending up to a much higher proportion of GDP is the expectation ... that's where we need to go," she told Melbourne radio station 3AW on Wednesday.
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