In a joint statement, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Defence Minister Richard Marles, and Foreign Minister Penny Wong announced on Monday the government was imposing an extra 149 sanctions.
This brings the total number of sanctions to more than 1400 in response to Russia starting the war on February 24, 2022.
"Once again, Australia calls on Russia to immediately end its war and adhere fully to its obligations under international law, including in relation to the protection of civilians and treatment of prisoners of war," the statement reads.
Australia has committed more than $1.5 billion in aid to Ukraine.
Ukraine's top diplomat in Australia Vasyl Myroshnychenko was with his family in Kyiv when Russian paratroopers started landing just 20 minutes from his home.
"I will never forget that moment at five o'clock in the morning when my wife woke me up," he said.
"I heard the explosions and my 18-year-old daughter and my five-year-old son were with me.
"My wife said, 'we need to go'."
In an interview with US media outlet NBC News last week, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said more than 46,000 Ukrainian troops had been killed defending their homeland, while the wounded numbered about 380,000.
Add to the scale of suffering 20,000 children forcibly deported to Russia, plus tens of thousands of Ukrainians missing in action or in captivity.
The true number of the thousands of civilians killed in occupied Ukrainian territory also remains unknown.
Mr Myroshnychenko pointed to the rules-based international system being under threat.
"Rewarding Russia for aggression sends a very dangerous signal to other authoritarian leaders, especially here in the region, in the Pacific, and for Australia, for New Zealand, for all the Pacific Islands," he said.
"If it doesn't matter anymore, it becomes a very dangerous world."
The Ukrainian ambassador described Vladimir Putin as a "gangster" who needed to be held accountable for war crimes, including the downing of the Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 in 2014 which claimed the lives of 38 Australians.
Rallies in support of Ukraine were held in the nation's capital cities at the weekend as well as a commemorative vigil in Melbourne.
A memorial service at the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Canberra will take place on Monday and be attended by Australian officials, diplomats and the Ukrainian community.
Peter Dutton and opposition defence spokesman Andrew Hastie said the coalition stood with Ukraine and for an end that fully respected its sovereignty.
"A peace that does not reward the murderous despot Putin, as any reward would embolden other autocrats to follow in his tyrannical footsteps," they said.
Co-chair of the Australian Federation of Ukrainian Organisations Kateryna Argyrou said the war had taken an "immense toll".
"But Ukrainians are strong and will continue to defy Russian aggression," she said.
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